数据、信息技术和信息系统（Data, information technology and information systems）.docVIP

数据、信息技术和信息系统（Data, information technology and information systems） The first chapter is about data, information technology and information system 1.1 basic concepts of data, information and information technology In the field of computer and information processing, data and information are frequently used concepts, and each has its own specific connotation. This section will give a brief introduction. 1.1.1 data and information 1. data and information Data and information are the most basic terms in the information system. Data refers to the facts recorded and is the value of the objective entity attributes. Data consists not only of attribute values expressed in quantity, but also attribute values expressed in text. It can be recorded in many ways. For example, written text, holes on cards, bar codes printed on merchandise, magnetic media on disk, etc.. The international organization for Standardization (ISO) definition of data is data is a special form of expression of facts, concepts or instructions, this special form of expression can be used to communicate with the manual or automated devices, translation or processing. According to this definition, in human activities, the numbers, text, graphics, sounds, images (static and active images) in the conventional sense are encoded as data. Information is a set of data that makes sense. Weiner, the founder of information theory, said, information is information. It is neither material nor energy.. Information is the name of what people exchange with the outside world in the process of adapting to the outside world and making it react to the outside world.. Thus, information is a reflection of the characteristics of various things, changes in the movement of things, but also the interaction and connection between things. When things are interrelated and interact, information is generated. Information has permeated into many fields of human society and science and technology with its expanding connotation and denotati