渠化工程简答题（The canalization project is short answer）.doc

渠化工程简答题（The canalization project is short answer） Where are the advantages and disadvantages of water transportation? Answer: advantages, high capacity; Traffic; Low energy consumption; Covers an area of less; Less pollution. Disadvantages, the technology speed of water transportation and business speed are low; Water transportation is greatly affected by natural conditions. 2. What are the structural types of the upper chamber of the soft foundation, and what are the applicable conditions? Answer: separate and integral. The separation type is suitable for small water level, and the foundation is insensitive to infiltration. The integral type is suitable for large water level and the foundation is silty, fine sand or silt. 3. The problems that should be paid attention to in the layout of the lock? Answer: (1) locks and approaches should be arranged in a straight line, either upstream or downstream approaches and main channel smooth connection, have to lock the ship docked, mooring enough scale, the length, width, turning radius and depth should comply with the regulations. (2) stable lock should be decorated in a straight river upstream or downstream should avoid as far as possible at the entrance of the TGP flood-discharge are easy sedimentation area, especially the convex bank sedimentation area and the hub or drainage water carrying alluvium alluvial area and flow, flow deposition area. (3) locks in the appropriate land arrangement, and should not be set in computation and discharging sluices between two water, power stations and other buildings, to avoid the drainage drainage structures of import and export navigation condition of lock approach to interference. (4) the lock chamber should be decorated on the downstream side of the water retaining structure, lock should not be commonly used for flood discharge at the same time, must be used for flood discharge in specific situations, needs in the design, layout, etc will be given full consideration and demonstrat