认识心理学（Cognitive psychology）.doc

认识心理学（Cognitive psychology） Cognitive psychology was a psychological trend of thought rising in the West in the middle of the twentieth Century and 50s. Since twentieth Century 70s, it has become one of the main research directions in Western psychology. It studies human advanced mental processes, mainly cognitive processes, such as attention, perception, imagery, memory, thinking and language. Contrary to behaviorist psychologists, cognitive psychologists study the internal mechanisms and processes that can not be observed, such as memory processing, storage, retrieval, and memory changes. The study of cognitive processes from the viewpoint of information processing is the mainstream of modern cognitive psychology. It can be said that cognitive psychology is equivalent to information processing psychology. It regards people as a system of information processing, and holds that cognition is the whole process of information processing, including coding, storage and extraction of sensory input. According to this view, cognition can be broken down into a series of stages, each of which is a unit of some specific operation of the input information, and the reaction is the product of this series of stages and operations. Each component of the information processing system is somehow connected with each other. With the development of cognitive psychology, this sequence processing view is more and more challenged by parallel processing theory and cognitive neuropsychology theory. Cognitive psychologists are concerned with the psychological mechanism underlying human behavior, the core of which is the internal psychological process between input and output. But people can not observe the internal psychological process directly, and can only speculate by observing the input and output. So the method used by cognitive psychologists is to infer the mental processes that can not be observed from observable phenomena. Some people call this method convergence proof, which is the