X线辐射防护（X ray radiation protection）.docVIP

X线辐射防护（X ray radiation protection） Some basic knowledge of radiological protection The amount of radiation used in radiation protection and its units 1. Dose equivalent The biological effect of a certain absorption depends on the radiation quality and the exposure conditions. Different types of radiation have the same amount of absorbed dose, and the biological effects may be different. Said quality factors in the field of radiation protection, the radiation can pass linear density, to the effect of absorbed dose weighted, make the absorbed dose after weighted can well express the chance of biological effect or the severity of the biological effects. The weighted absorption dose is called the dose equivalent. SI units of dose equivalent are J.k g-1. Special name Sv (Sv), the old special unit is rem. 1 the sv = 1000 MSV = 100 rem 2. Effective dose equivalent Any exposure of human body, almost always involves more than one organ or tissue, and various organs or tissues of the risk of radiation effect is also different, calculated by irradiation of the relevant organ or organization bring effective dose equivalent total risk. Its also the unit of Sv. Mechanism of ionizing radiation injury When the body after exposure to ionizing radiation effect, material molecules by energy absorption, molecular ionization and excitation, through the direct effect and indirect effect, lead to biological macromolecules (proteins, nucleic acids, etc.). On this basis, the changes of cell metabolism, function and structure occur, resulting in body injury. 1. Original function The primary function of ionizing radiation is the series of changes that the ray ACTS on the body after the bodys apparent symptoms and body disease. 2. Secondary effects The secondary effect of ionizing radiation refers to a series of changes after the occurrence of symptoms, where there is a crossover overlap. Factors that affect radiation damage I. factors related to radiation 1. Type of radiation Different types