离子大量共存问题（Massive coexistence of ions）.docVIP

离子大量共存问题（Massive coexistence of ions） The question of whether ions coexist in solution is a common problem in middle school chemistry. In recent years, the college entrance examination has been set up almost every year to determine the question of ion coexistence. From the difficulty of the problem of ion coexistence in the college entrance examination in the past years, these problems belong to the problem of moderate difficulty, but the degree of differentiation of these questions is relatively high. That is to say, the question is not difficult, but the examinee can score differently in this kind of question. The cause of the situation, is the main candidates in the element and compound knowledge learning, knowledge will not govern many elements and compounds to finishing, networking and orderly storage, thus in the extraction, representation, recognition, or error, or the occurrence of obstacles or incomplete. Also has the knowledge to be not complete, the material mutual reaction rule is not clear, when solves the question lacks the confidence and so on the factor to cause. Related knowledge points: (1) because of the metathesis reaction, ions can not coexist in large quantities. 1, there is gas production. Such as CO32-, S2-, HS-, HSO3-, and H+ are not easily acid volatile acid is mainly due to a large number of coexisting, CO32-2H+ = CO2 = H2S = = H2O, HS-H+. 2, precipitation generation. Such as Ba2+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and SO42-, CO32- and other large can not coexist is mainly due to the Ba2+ + CO32- = CaCO3 + SO42- = CaSO4, Ca2+: (Cu2+, Fe3+; slightly soluble) and not with OH- a lot of coexistence is because Cu2+ + 2OH- = Cu (OH): 2, Fe3+ + 3OH- = Fe (OH 3: etc.). 3, weak electrolyte generation. If a large number of OH-, CH3COO-, PO43-, coexistence of HPO42-, H2PO- and H+, is mainly due to the OH- + H+ = CH3COO- + H2O, H+ = CH3COOH; some acid type weak acid with OH- large number of coexisting is because the HCO3- + OH-=CO32- + H2O, HPO42- + OH- = PO43- + H2O, NH4+