Printing Standard Methods for the Examination （印刷标准考试的方法）.pdf

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater Part 4000 INORGANIC NONMETALLIC CONSTITUENTS 4010 INTRODUCTION The analytical methods included in this part make use of classical wet chemical techniques and their automated variations and such modern instrumental techniques as ion chromatography. Methods that measure various forms of chlorine, nitrogen, and phosphorus are presented. The procedures are intended for use in the assessment and control of receiving water quality, the treatment and supply of potable water, and the measurement of operation and process efficiency in wastewater treatment. The methods also are appropriate and applicable in evaluation of environmental water-quality concerns. The introduction to each procedure contains reference to special field sampling conditions, appropriate sample containers, proper procedures for sampling and storage, and the applicability of the method. 4020 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL 4020 A. Introduction Without quality control results there is no confidence in analytical results reported from tests. As described in Part 1000 and Section 3020, essential quality control measurements include: method calibration, standardization of reagents, assessment of individual capability to perform the analysis, performance of blind check samples, determination of the sensitivity of the test procedure (method detection level), and daily evaluation of bias, precision, and the presence of laboratory contamination or other analytical interference. Details of these procedures, expected ranges of results, and frequency of performance should be formalized in a written Quality Assurance Manual and Standard Operating Procedures. For a number of the procedures contained in Part 4000, the traditional determination of b