RAY OPTICS Zhejiang University（射线光学浙江大学）.pdf

Fundamentals of Photonics Bahaa E. A. Saleh, Malvin Carl Teich Copyright © 1991 John Wiley Sons, Inc. ISBNs: 0-471-83965-5 (Hardback); 0-471-2-1374-8 (Electronic) CHAPTER RAY OPTICS 1.1 POSTULATES OF RAY OPTICS 1.2 SIMPLE OPTICAL COMPONENTS A. Mirrors B. Planar Boundaries C. Spherical Boundaries and Lenses D. Light Guides 1.3 GRADED-INDEX OPTICS A. The Ray Equation B. Graded-Index Optical Components *C. The Eikonal Equation 1.4 MATRIX OPTICS A. The Ray-Transfer Matrix B. Matrices of Simple Optical Components C. Matrices of Cascaded Optical Components D. Periodic Optical Systems Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727) set forth a Pierre de Fermat (1601-1665) developed the theory of optics in which light emissions consist principle that light travels along the path of of collections of corpuscles that propagate least time. rectilinearly. 1 Light is an electromagnetic wave phenomenon described by the same theoretical principles that govern all forms of electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic radiation propagates in the form of two mutually coupled vector waves, an electric-field wave and a magnetic-field wave. Nevertheless, it is possible to describe many optical phenomena using a scalar wave theory in which light is described by a single scalar wavefunction. This approximate way of treating light is called scalar wave optics, or simply wave optics. When light waves propagate through