白头翁菌核病发生危害调查及其病原菌生物学特性.PDF

植物保护学报Journal of Plant Protection ，2017 ，44 （2 ）：232-239 DOI ：10.13802/ki.zwbhxb.2017.2015158 白头翁菌核病发生危害调查及其病原菌生物学特性 * 徐海娇 唐珊珊 周如军 傅俊范 李宏博 （沈阳农业大学，沈阳 110866） 摘要：为明确辽宁省白头翁菌核病发生危害情况及其病原菌生物学特性，于2011—2013 年对该省 3 个白头翁种植基地进行菌核病调查，并采用平板培养法和离体接种法对白头翁菌核病菌Sclero- tinia nivalis Saito 进行生物学特性研究和致病性测定。结果表明，白头翁菌核病在各种植基地发生 程度不一，抚顺市白头翁发病较重，2013 年一般地块病株率为0~37.1% ，重者达60.4% ，本溪市和沈 阳市发病相对较轻，病株率分别为1.3%~10.0%和0~3.0% ；随着白头翁栽培年限的增加，菌核病危 害逐渐加重，1~4 年生白头翁的病株率分别为0 、12.3% 、37.1%和60.4% ；坡地沿山体横垄栽植较纵 垄栽植发病重。白头翁菌核病菌在PDA 培养基上生长最好，菌丝生长速度和菌核形成数分别为 10.4 mm/d 和101.0 个/皿；菌丝生长和菌核形成的最适温度分别为20℃和15℃，最适pH 均为6 ；连 续光照和连续黑暗利于菌丝生长，光照条件下菌核形成最多；碳、氮源对菌丝生长和菌核形成的影 响较大，菌丝生长最适碳源为果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖，以尿素作氮源抑制该菌生长。伤口有利于该病 的发生发展，刺伤接种较未刺伤接种发病早，接种3 d 后开始发病，6 d 后即达高峰期。 关键词：白头翁；菌核病；病害调查；生物学特性；致病性 Occurrence of sclerotinia rot of Pulsatilla koreana and biological characteristics of Sclerotinia nivalis Xu Haijiao Tang Shanshan Zhou Rujun* Fu Junfan Li Hongbo （Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning Province, China） Abstract: In order to investigate the occurrence of sclerotinia rot of Pulsatilla koreana in Liaoning Province and its pathogenic biological characteristics, the surveys of disease were conducted from 2011 to 2013 in three major production fields in Liaoning Province, and the biological characteristics and pathogenicity were tested by using plating method and vitro inoculation. The results showed that the dis- ease occurred differently, in which it was more serious in Fushun City, with the disease incidence of 0- 37.1% generally and 60.4% seriously in 2013. The disease incidence of Benxi and Shenyang cities were lighter, with the incidenc