替代和等效.pptVIP

;替代与等效;替代： 用译入语中含义和形式并行不悖的词语来取代运作中相应的表达手段，以保全原文的意义和修辞效果（如：指称关系、双关、谐音、比喻等），即实现等效目的。 替代是方法 等效是目的 ;例1. In everything we do we must proceed from this reality, and all planning must be?consistent with it. 一切都要从这个实际出发，根据这个实际来制订规划。 ?例2. We must promote science, for that is where our hope lies. 要提倡科学，靠科学才有希望。 例3. Gases are different from solid in that the former have greater compressibility than the latter. 气体不同与固体，因为气体比固体有更大的压缩性 ????? ?????;例4 People exposed to bright red show an increase in heartbeat, and blood pressure; the color is exciting. 如果将人暴露给红颜色，他们就会显露出心跳加快、血压增高等；红颜色让人兴奋。 例5 The Nile mud