第3132从属结构.ppt

Chapter 31 / 32：Subordination (I) / (II) I. Purposes: 1. To help the students understand and use Subordination correctly. 2. To encourage them to do as much more exercises as possible. II. Learning Points Adverbial clauses are those that perform the function of adverbial in a complex sentence. Semantically, this kind of clause can be subdivided into adverbial clauses of time, place, manner, cause, result, purpose, condition, and concession. II. Learning Points 1．Clause of Time: when, after, before, until ① when, after, before, until，在用于两个先后发生的事态时，可以互换使用。例如： II. Learning Points: When I reached the station, the train had already left. I reached the station after the train had left. I did not reach the station until /after the train had left. The train had left before I reached the station. II. Learning Points ②两个同时发生的事件，如不是一次性而是重复性，即过去或现在的习惯当中，可用if, when, whenever 互换。例如： II. Learning Points If he goes to town, he brings us a present. (p.528) = When / Whenever he goes to town, he brings us a present. II. Learning Points ③两个同时发生的事件，如都有延续性，且延续时间大致相等，用when, while。 例如： The wind blew hard when the rain poured down. While I read, she sang. II. Learning Points 2. Clause of Cause: because , for, since, as, now that ①表示直接理由，可以用because , for。例如： We hurried because / for it was getting dark. II. Learning Points Notes: because 位置较灵活，可置于主句前，也可 置于其后；for的位置较固定，置于主句之 后。Because 还可回答 why 提出的问题。 例如： II. Learning Points The doctor looks tired and sleepy because he sat up all night with the patient. = Because he sat up all night with the patient, the doctor looks tired and sleepy. = The doctor sat up all night with the patient, so he looks tired and sleepy. = The doctor looks tired and sleepy, for he sat up all night with the patient. II. Learning Points — Why do you learn English? — Because I like it very much. II. Learning Points He did not come to class yesterday because he was ill. = Because he was ill, he did not come to class yesterday. = He was ill, so he d