Behavioral Activation Kent State University（行为激活肯特州立大学）.pdf

Behavioral Activation Decrease in Pleasant Events Lewinsohn (1974) • Depression arises when one’s actions do not result in positive reinforcement • One’s environment is filled with low rates of positive reinforcement and increasing rates of punishment • Treatment focuses on increasing rate of pleasant events as well as an appreciation for the contingencies that lead to the arising of those pleasant events Functional analysis of depression Ferster (1973) • Proposed functional analytic model for the arising and maintenance of depression • Emphasized that depression arises and is maintained through negative reinforcement as behaviors – Behaviors gain strength in a repertoire for their escape and avoidance function – These behaviors are emitted to the exclusion of behaviors likely to result in positive reinforcement – Like anxiety disorders, depression based on avoidance 1 History: BA/BT as a part of Cognitive Therapy (CT) Beck and colleagues (1979) • Purely behavioral approaches did not endure and over time, cognitive interventions were integrated. • Explicit aim of modifying internal cognitive structures (automatic thoughts, schema, core beliefs). • BA strategies within CT package: “the ultimate aim of these techniques in cognitive therapy is to produce change in the negative attitudes” (p.118). Cognitive Therapy of Depression Beck, Rush, Shaw, Emery (1979) • First manualized treatment • First few sessions of CT are behavioral activation – Suite of behaviorally oriented, non- cognitive skills • monitoring of daily activities • assessment of pleasure and mastery • role-plays and cognitive (imaginal) rehearsal of