Ch 5 Momentum and forces in fluid flow （Ch 5流体动力和力量）.pdf

Ch 5 Momentum and forces in fluid flow Outline Momentum equation Applications of the momentum equation Objectives • After completing this chapter, you should be able to • Identify the various kinds of forces and moments acting on a control volume. • Use control volume analysis to determine the forces associated with fluid flow. • Use control volume analysis to determine the moments caused by fluid flow. 6.1 Development of the Momentum Principle Start with a modified-form of Newton’s 2nd law: r r ( ) d mV =Σ F dt r ∑F = sum of forces on fluid system r mV = linear momentum of system r r Also, Impulse-momentum principle Fdt=Σ d mV ( ) s 6.1 Development of the Momentum Principle Momentum entering A u ρtu δ 1 1 1 Momentum leaving A u ρtu δ 2 2 2 Force = rate of change of momentum A u tu A u(ρtu δ −ρ δ ) 2 2 2 F 1 1 1 Fig 6.1 Momentum in a flowing fluid δt Q= A u = A u , 1 1 2 2 F Q u u( ρ ) − 2 1 Momentum equation for two- and three-dimensional flow The force in the x-direction Fig 6.2 Two dimensional