constant. The basic layout is given in the figure（常数。）.pdf

AOE 3134 Complete Aircraft Equations The requirements for balance and stability that we found for the “flying wing” carry over directly to a complete aircraft. In particular we require the zero-lift pitch moment coefficient of the complete vehicle to be positive and the slope of the pitch-moment curve of the complete vehicle to be negative. Likewise, we require the lift coefficient of the complete vehicle to be sufficient to balance the weight of the vehicle. Our problem then becomes that of determining these quantities for the complete aircraft. In this section we will look at summing the forces and the moments to determine expressions for the complete vehicle lift and pitch moment coefficients. In order to do these calculations, we can represent the wing and the horizontal tail by their mean aerodynamic chords. The locations of the center-of-gravity, the aerodynamic center of the wing, and the aerodynamic center of the tail are measured from the leading edge of the wing mean aerodynamic chord. We use the mean aerodynamic centers of the wing and horizontal tail as the reference points for applying the lift and drag forces because by definition the pitch- moment about the aerodynamic center does not change with angle-of-attack, and therefor is a constant. The basic layout is given in the figure: The primary force generators on the vehicle are the lifting surfaces such as the wing and the horizontal tail. In addition, the fuselage can contribute to the lift. Since the contribution of the fuselage to the lift is small compared to that of the wing and the tail, it is convenient to consider the lift of the wing-body combination as is indicated in the figure. Aircraft Lift Equation We can sum the forces perpendicular to the relative wind vector in order to determine the vehicle lift. In doing so we can note that the lift of the horizontal tail is perpendicular to the relative wind at the horizontal so that it is “til