Earthquake Hazards and Seismic Design Civil （地震灾害和抗震设计公民）.ppt

Earthquake Hazards andSeismic Design Richard P. Ray Ph.D. P.E. Direct Effects Ground failures (instabilities) Surface faulting Vibration of soil Ground cracking Liquefaction Ground lurching Differential settlement Lateral spreading Landslides Vibrations transmitted from the ground to the structure Direct Effects Indirect Effects Tsunamis Seiches Landslides Floods Fires Seismic Resistant Construction Prevent non-structural damage from minor shaking Prevent structural damage and minimize non structural damage in occasional moderate shaking Avoid collapse or serious damage in rare, major ground shaking Soil Movements Wood Frame Houses Masonry Structures Concrete Structures Steel Structures Earthquake Resistant Designs Construction and Maintenance Need for more comprehensive approach Importance of conceptual design Decrease of demands Action of the soil-structure system Good Pile Design Bridge Foundation and Supports Integral Action of All Parts Proper Building System Building should be light Simple, symmetric, regular Uniform and continuous distribution of mass (m), stiffness (k), strength (σy), ductility (μ). Avoid long spans and long cantilever Non-structural elements Separated completely Tied to structure Proper Building System Control inelastic regions More than one defense line Stiffness and strength of building matches stiffness and strength of foundation and Building Should Be Light Building Should Be Simple, Symmetric, and Regular Building Should Have Uniform and Continuous Distribution of Mass Stiffness Strength Ductility Retrofitting Soft Stories Non-Structural Should Be Integrated With Structural Structures Should Have the Largest Number of Defenses Building Should Have Balanced Stiffness, Strength, Ductility Between Members, Connections, Supports Construction Aspects Building Research Newer Designs Damaged canopy of the primary school near El Asnam, 1980 El Asnam Earthquake.? Note the significant damage at the top and bottom of the columns and permane