ESPA#209;OL AP（载荷适配器# 209;OL AP）.doc

Advanced Placement Spanish Language  EAHS 2009 – 2010 Mr. Pedroni Cuaderno de trabajo NOMBRE: _____________________________________ 1. Consonants / Las consonantes Spanish spelling is pretty consistent: most letters represent a single sound regardless of their position in a word. Note the following peculiarities: H - La hache is never pronounced. Thus, words like Honduras, ahora and alcohol have no aspiration before the /o/ sound. CH - la che is always pronounced as in cheers: coche, ocho. La hache is not combined with any other consonants: no th, sh, ph, gh, etc. (English ph may translate to f: filosofía, Filadelfia). C - la ce is pronounced /k/ (as in case) in most positions: caso, cosa, cuota, frecuente, crisis.Before -e, -i, it is pronounced /s/ (as in sin) in America or /th/ (as in thin) in Spain: cielo, acento.The /k/ sound (as in kiss), is spelled qu (mute u) before -e,-i: queso, quince. G - la ge is pronounced /g/ (as in go) in most positions: gala, gota, guante, globo.Before -e, -i, it is pronounced almost like /h/ (as in hen): general, gitano.The /g/ sound (as in get), is spelled gu (mute u) before -e,-i: guerra, guitarra. If the letter u is to be pronounced in a gue/gui combination, it is marked with a diaeresis (la diéresis): pingüino, bilingüe, nicaragüense. Q - la cu is used only in the que/qui combinations, and the u is always mute in this position. Therefore, English quota and frequent translate to cuota and frecuente, and the word quinteto has no /u/ sound. Z - la zeta is pronounced /s/ in America and /th/ in Spain. Spanish avoids the ze/zi combination and prefers ce, ci: lápiz -- lápices; cebra, cenit. Only four consonants can be duplicated to represent specific sounds:? cc is used before e or i only and sounds /ks/ (/kth/ in Spain): acción and acceso but acento, ocurrir.? ll sounds /y/: calle, llama but ilegal, aludir.? rr represents the famous rolling r between vowels only: perro, carro, vs. pero, caro.? nn is used only when a pref