第七代代词（b）.pptVIP

The Seventh Lesson: Pronoun (2);7.1 代词的格;英语的人称代词有三种格：主格（Subjective Case）、宾格（Objective Case）、属格（Genitive Case）。属格代词（Genitive Pronoun）又叫物主代词（Possessive Pronoun），按其语法功能分为名词性属格代词（Nominal Genitive Pronoun）和限定词性属格代词（Determinative Genitive Pronoun）。 名词性属格代词在这里仍叫物主代词（Possessive Pronoun），包括mine，yours, his，hers，ours，yours，theirs。限定词性属格代词包括my，your，his，her，its，our，your，their，在这里已归入限定词一类，叫做物主限定词。; 一般来说，人称代词在句中作主语，用主格；作宾语或介词补足成分，用宾格；表示“所有”，用属格。例如： She doesn’t believe us. His house is much larger than mine.; B）人称代词在比较分句（Comparative Clause）中作主语，用主格；作宾语，用宾格。例如： He isn’t nearly as smart as he (is). I trust you as much as her. 但在非正式语体中，人称代词在比较分句中作主语，也可用宾格。例如： She is prettier than me. She is as tall as him. ★特别是当这类人称代词带有all，both作同谓语时，通常都用宾格。例如： He is cleverer than us all. She is taller than them both.; C） 人称代词在句中作主语补语时，按照传统语法，该用主格。但在实际使用中习惯上多用宾格。例如： A：Who is knocking at the door? B：It is me. If I were her, I would take the advice.; E）当句子主语为“everybody/ nobody + but / except + 人称代词”的结构时，这种人称代词按照传统语法该用宾格，因为but / except是介词。但在实际使用中，只要人称代词出现在主语位置上，常用主格。例如： Nobody but she can solve our problems. Everybody except he agreed to our proposal. ★但若以上主语被分隔而使“but / except + 人称代词”这一介词词组出现在句尾时，则人称代词用宾格： Nobody can solve our problem but her. Everybody agreed to our proposal but him. 如果“everybody / nobody / + but / except + 人称代词”结构用作句子宾语，则人称代词只能用宾格。例如： I interviewed everybody but him.; F）在由人称疑问代词who引导的问句或从属问句中，疑问代词的格依其在句中的地位而定：在正式语体中，作主语用主格；作宾语或介词补足成分用宾格。例如： Who can solve our problems? Who can we trust at such a moment in history? I don’t know who can solve our problems. I don’t know whom they finally selected.; ★G）在由关系代词who引导的分句中，如果作主语的who之后跟有I believe，think等插入语，在正式语体中关系代词通常用主格。例如： Will you go and see Carlos, who I believe will be glad to help you? She is a woman who people believe may be the president of the company some day. （在非正式语体中，特别是在口语中，可用