Ch-3-Pharmacody-课件.pptVIP

Pharmacodynamics;Q-1What does Pharmacodynamics mean? Pharmacodynamics describe biochemical and biophysical actions of drugs on the body, the mechanisms of their actions, the dose-effect relationship of drugs, and the basis for reasonable application of the drugs in clinics. ; Nature of receptors ; Q-3 How are receptors classified? G-protein-coupled receptors Trans-membrane kinase receptors For instance, tyrosine kinase-linked receptor Ligand gated ion channel receptors (LGICR) LGICR is also called ionotropic receptor is a transmembrane receptor bound with an ion channel. If the receptor binds with its agonist then the ion channel opens. (response: seconds) Intracellular receptors (response: hours) ;G protein coupled receptor (GPCR);Ligand gated ion channel receptors (LGICR); Transmembrane kinase receptors (membrane ) (e.g., Tyrosine kinase linked receptor);Drugs acting on intracellular receptors;Pharmacological Effects of a drug ;Therapeutic application of drugs;III. Immuno-therapy Active immunity, passive immunity. IV. Antimicrobial therapy Therapy by killing pathogens V. Drug therapy related to enhance or inhibit body function Aspirin, Atropine, Digitalis, etc… ;I. Drugs affecting receptors (1) Direct (2) Indirect, e.g., Ephedrine acts directly on bβ1 and β 2 receptors, and indirectly on α1 receptors by causing noradrenaline release. II. Drugs affecting specific targets Enzyme as a target Neostigmine and cholinesterase; Digitalis and Na+/K+-ATPase Change of inner environment Antacids and gastric acid, osmotic diuretics and osmolarity of plasma ; * reversible: Anticholinesterase agents (can be hydrolized) ; irreversible: organophosphate ; Immunosystem as a target (a) active immunity - vaccine; (b) passive immunity -immuoglobulin; (c) inhibition of immuno-system by glucocorticoids. DNA as a target Gene therapy; (b) Drugs influence gene replication. Endogenous substance synthe