Chap 1.ppt课件.ppt

Chapter 1 What is a Cell? By Benjamin Lewin 1.1 Introduction Cells arise only from preexisting cells. Every cell has genetic information whose expression enables it to produce all its components. The plasma membrane consists of a lipid bilayer that separates the cell from its environment. 1.2 Life began as a self-replicating structure The first living cell was a self-replicating entity surrounded by a membrane. 1.3 A prokaryotic cell consists of a single compartment The plasma membrane of a prokaryote surrounds a single compartment. The entire compartment has the same aqueous environment. Genetic material occupies a compact area within the cell. Bacteria and archaea are both prokaryotes but differ in some structural features. 1.4 Prokaryotes are adapted for growth under many diverse conditions Prokaryotes adapted to many extreme environmental conditions This highlights the variations that are possible in constructing living cells. 1.5 A eukaryotic cell contains many membrane-delimited compartments The plasma membrane of a eukaryotic cell surrounds the cytoplasm. Within the cytoplasm there are individual compartments, each surrounded by a membrane. The nucleus is often the largest compartment within the cytoplasm It contains the genetic material. 1.6 Membranes allow the cytoplasm to maintain compartments with distinct environments Organelles that are surrounded by membranes can maintain internal milieus that are different from the surrounding cytosol. 1.7 The nucleus contains the genetic material and is surrounded by an envelope The nucleus is the largest organelle in the cell. It is bounded by an envelope consisting of a double membrane. Genetic material is concentrated in one part of the nucleus. Nuclear pores provide the means for transport across the envelope for large molecules to enter or leave the nucleus. 1.8 The plasma membrane allows a cell to maintain homeostasis Hydrophilic molecules cannot pass across a lipid bilayer. The plasma membrane i