论文：不同耕作措施对农田水分调控效应研究.doc

不同耕作措施对农田水分调控效应研究 齐其朋 （农学院农学专业） 摘要：为探究不同耕作措施对夏玉米田的蓄水保墒效果以及对作物产量的影响，在大田条件下以夏玉米为主要研究对象，针对其不同生育时期，测定了深耕、深松和免耕3个不同处理的土壤含水量以及玉米光合等。结果表明：在夏玉米生长前期，不同处理之间0-80cm土壤水分相差较大，而后期则差异减小，且大致呈“S”型，苗期土壤0-80cm土壤水分表现为：深松＞深耕＞免耕，80-100cm的则相反;免耕较深松能显著提高0-120cm土壤贮水量，另外还能显著提高夏玉米灌浆中期单叶水分利用率；不同处理的产量表现为：深松＞深耕＞免耕，但不存在显著性差异。总之，免耕处理夏玉米前期光合速率较高，且能显著提高土壤贮水量， 因此，在该试验地区，实施免耕的保护性耕作既有利于提高作物产量，也有助于提高水分利用率。 关键词：夏玉米；；；（Agriculture 2009-1 of Agronomy College） Abstract：A field experiment has been conducted to explore the effect of different tillage regimes on the soil water retention and the yield of summer maize. Soil moisture, photosynthetic traits and water use efficiency were measured in different growth stages of the maize under deep tillage, deep scarification and no-tillage. The results showed that tillage treatments significantly affected the soil moisture content in 0-80cm layer in early growth stage of summer maize, while the difference of soil water content among three tillage treatment decreased with an “S” shape. Soil water content of 0-80cm layer in early growth stage was followed the order: deep scarification＞ deep tillage＞ no-tillage whereas a reversed order in 80-100cm soil layer. No-tillage can significantly increase 0-120cm soil water storage in the whole growth season and water use efficiency of leaf in middle grain filling stage than deep scarification. Yield of different treatments showed deep scarification＞ deep tillage＞ no-tillage without significant difference. In summary, no-tillage would not only improve maize yield and water use efficiency, but can also improve the sustainable development of agriculture in this region in the long-term. Key words: summer maize; tillage regime; soil moisture; yield 【本研究的重要意义】土壤耕作是农业生产活动的一项主要内容，研究表明，农业生产劳动量中约有60%从事于不同的土壤耕作活动，农业生产资金中约有1/3消耗于土壤耕作[1-3]。因此，本研究针对大田作物不同的耕作措施，通过测定不同的耕作措施下作物的光合以及土壤水分等，研究耕作措施对夏玉米生长及产量的影响。通过此项研究，对于提高农田工作效率、增加作物产量以及保证粮食安全具有重要的意义。【前人研究进展】保护性耕作是一项现代农业生产技术，其目的在尽可能多地保持作物残茬覆盖地表，增加土壤肥力和蓄水纳墒能力，持续提高农业综合生产水平[4]。甘作勋、丛日凡自1993-1999年通过研究玉米