磷酸（phosphoric acid）.docVIP

磷酸（phosphoric acid） phosphoric acid Chemical formula: H3PO4 English Name: Orthophosphoric, acid, Phosphoric (5) acid Properties of phosphoric acid One physical property Pure phosphoric acid is a colorless crystalline, melting point of 42.3 degrees Celsius, high boiling point acid, soluble in water. The commercially available phosphoric acid reagent is a thick, nonvolatile, concentrated solution with a phosphoric acid content of 83-98%. Two chemical properties Phosphoric acid is a strong acid of three yuan. It is ionized in three steps. It is not volatile, difficult to decompose and has almost no oxidation. Perforating with acid (1) reaction with alkali NaOHH3PO4 = NaH2PO4H2O 2NaOHH3PO4 = Na2HPO42H2O 3NaOHH3PO4 = Na3PO43H2O (2) reacts with some salts NaBrH3PO4 (concentrated) NaH2PO4HBr have NaIH3PO4 (concentrated) NaH2PO4HI have Principle: volatile acids are used to make volatile acids Three phosphate There are three types: normal salt phosphate (containing PO43), dibasic phosphate (containing HPO42), phosphate (containing H2PO4). The relationship between the three types of salts is 1, solubility law Neutralsalt and a hydrogen salt: except potassium and sodium, ammonium salt a few, the rest are insoluble in water, but soluble in strong acid. Two hydrogen salt: soluble in water. 2, mutual transformation A) to clear the lime water by adding H3PO4, and dropping the side edge of the oscillation. Phenomenon: begin with white precipitate, then dissolve gradually. Response equation: 3Ca (OH) 22H3PO4 = Ca3 (PO4) 2: 6H2O Ca3 (PO4) 2H3PO4 = 3CaHPO4 CaHPO4H3PO4 = Ca (H2PO4) 2 (b) adding lime water to the phosphate solution in drops, and oscillating on the side. Phenomenon: the beginning of no phenomenon, when the clear water droplets of lime to a certain amount, there is white precipitate generated. Response equation: Ca (OH) = Ca (H2PO4) 22H2O 22H3PO4 Ca (H2PO4) 2Ca (OH) = 2CaHPO4: 2 2CaHPO4Ca (OH) = 2 Ca3 (PO4) 22H2O 3. The problem of ion coexistence (1) H2PO4, HPO42, PO43 an