虚拟心情的语法.docVIP

虚拟语气 Subjunctive mood 语气及语气种类 （1）证气，指的是一种动词的形式用来表示说话者的意图或态度。 （2）在英语中，语气有三种： ① 直陈语气：表示所说的话是个事实 如：France lies on the wind-ward side of Europe. ② 祈使语气：表示说话人所说的话是请求或命令。 如：Make yourself at home 请别客气！ Don’t be late! ③ 虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的话是一种主观的愿望，假想或建议等。 如：1. We only wish ue wuld help 2. Lf there were no graity （地心引力）we sheul not be able to walk. 3. He suggests that ue shoald all go to see the film. 一、虚拟语气在条件句中（虚拟条件句） 虚拟条件句所表达的是一种假设或者是不大可能发生的情况。 （1）与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句 虚拟语气用在与现在事实相反的条件句中，条件从句的谓语动词要使用动词的过去形式（be用were），结果主句的谓语使用“shoulol（第一人称）/would（第二、三人称）＋V（动词原形）” ① eg: If we left now. we shoudd arrite in good limo ② If I uere you, I should refused the money. ③ Euen if he had the money, he wouldn’t buy it. （2）与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句 虚拟语气用在与过去事实相反的条件句中时，条件从句的谓语用“had+-ed”，结果主句的谓语用“should/would+Vhaoe+-ed”. 如：① We should have dmpped the by if we had had tim. ② If they hadn’t gone on vacation, their house souldn’t have been broken into. 注：1. “Were”也可以用来表示与过去事实相反 Eg: If I weren’t busy ,I would haoe gone. 2.表示过去时间的假设也可用虚拟语气，“should hace+-ed”这种虚拟式所表达的动作并非完全不可能发生，它只表示一种偶然性，并且常和直陈语气连用，但也可以与虚拟式连用。 eg: You can imagine（设想）what would have happened to her if she should have told the truth. 3.美国大众常用“would have+-ed”来表示与过去事实相反的假设。 eg: If these sleeplessness （失眠）would have been allowed to go on, she would have collapsed（崩溃） （3）与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句 虚拟语气用在与将来事实相反的条件句中时，条件从句的谓语动词使用动词的过去式形式（be的过去或用were），结果主句用“should / would+V” 如：① If you dropped the glass, if would break. ② What would happen if I put the paper on the fire? 注：1. 在无上下文时，下面的“rained”e 歧意，可能是虚拟语气，也可能是表示过去习惯的直陈语气。 eg：If it rained, we would stay indoors playing cards. 2.在与将来事实相反的条件句中，其条件从句的谓语也可以用“were to +V”.这种虚拟形式比较正式，多用于书面语。 eg：① If he were to come, what would we sag to him? ② If you were to come tomorrow, I might have time to see you. 3.在与将来事实相反的条件句中，条件从句的谓语也可以用“should+ V”这种形式不强调意愿，只强调一种有偶然实现的可能性。 eg: ①If he should see me, he would know me. ②If we should catch the ringleaders, it would be a remarkable（卓越的）a chieoement（成就） 4. 下面这种形式往往有不为人所欢迎的含义。 eg: ①