初中英语语法和知识.docVIP

一般现在时　　定义：一般现在时，又称现在现在时。表示经常、反复发生的动作，经常存在的状态或者习惯性动作（有时间规律发生的事件）的一种时间状态。（很拗口，但是要学会就必须深刻体会）　　 I work. Do I work? I do not work. Do I not work? You work. Do you work? You do not work. Do you not work? We work. Do we work? We do not work. Do we not work? They work. Do they work? They do not work. HE(She,It) works. Does he(she,it) work? He(She,It) does not work. Does he(she,it) not work? 形式: 主语+be（表状态）或 主语+动词原形+宾语（表动作）标志词（时间状语）：always, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, 　　every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday uauslly often,never,hardly..........用法：1.表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。　　时间状语： always, usually,regularly,every morning/night/evening/day/week,often,sometimes,occasionally,from time to time,twice a week,rarely,seldom,once a month, hardly, ever,never.　　I leave home for school at 7 every morning.　　2.表示主语具备的性格、能力、特征和状态。　　I dont want so much.3.表示客观事实和普遍真理。　　The earth moves around the sun.　　4.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时。　　5.表示预先计划或安排好的行为。　　6.小说故事用一般现在时代替一般过去时。新闻报道类的内容，为了体现其“新鲜”性，也用一般现在时来表示过去发生的事情。　　7.有些表示状态和感觉的动词表示现在发生的具体行为时，只用一般现在时，而不用进行时态。　　8.表示现在发生的具体动作或存在的状态　　9表示格言或警句中。　　Pride goes before a fall.　骄者必败。一般过去式The past Indefinite tense　　 1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；　　 2.时间状语：　　ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month…), 具体时间, just now, at the age of , one day, long ago, once upon a time(很久以前), etc. 　　3.动词变化规则：　　规则变化：直接加ed，　　work-- worked ,　　以e结尾的单词，直接加d，　　make~·made不规则变化：　　have/has -- had,eat--ate ,see--saw　　 4.基本结构：　　be动词；行为动词 的过去式　　 5.否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。 　　 6.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。 　　 7.例句：　　She often came to help us in those days. 　　I didnt know you were so busy.　　 8.一般过去式的构成形式：　　 　肯定式　 　疑问式 　否定式 　疑问否定式 I worked Did I work? I did not work Did I not work? He(she,it) worked Did he(she,it) work? He (she,it)did not work Did he(she,it)not work? We worked Did we work? We did not work Did we not work? You worked Did you work? You did not work Did yo