被动和非谓词动词.docVIP

九年级英语第二轮专题复习学案 被动语态及非谓语动词 一、语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 考点1.被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词（助动词有人称、数和时态的变化） 1).一般现在时：is /am /are +过去分词 English is spoken by many people. Tea is grown in Southeast China. Are they made in China ? Where is it made ? 2).一般过去时：was / were +过去分词 A lot of flowers were planted along the street last month. Another classroom building was built last year . Some new computers were inverted by scientists. 3).现在进行时：is / am /are + being+过去分词 A new bridge is being built over there . The flowers are being watered by Mr Li now . 4).现在完成时：have / has +been+过去分词 Man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries in the world. The work has been finished on time. 5).一般将来时：will /shall/be going to+be+过去分词 The class meeting will be held next Saturday afternoon. The wind will be stopped from blowing the earth away. 6).含有情态动词的被动语态：can /may /must +过去分词 The work can be finished in a month. A large hole must be dug . Books can’t be taken out of the reading room . 考点2、主动语态变被动语态 1).主动结构的宾语变为被动结构的主语。（宾语是人称代词时，要将宾格变为主格） 2).主动结构的谓语动词由主动语态变为被动语态。 3).主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语，放在被动结构中谓语动词之后，在动作的执行者无须说明或不必强调时，by短语可以省略。 4).主动语态变为被动语态，时态要保持一致。 We repaired the motor.→The motor was repaired by us. 考点3、被动语态的用法 1).当我们不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁时. Those books are written for children. This jacket is made of cotton. 2).动作的承受者是谈话的中心，并用介词by引导动作的执行者。 Food is needed by us all . The room is cleaned by me every day . The book was translated into English by me . This song was written by a friend of mine . The thief was caught by a policeman yesterday evening . The tree was blown down by the strong wind . 3).一些相当于及物动词的短语动词也可用于被动结构中，因此短语动词是一个不可分割的词组，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。 The child is taken good care of by his grandparents . Why can’t the word be looked up in this dictionary? The lights must be turned off . A short play will be put on at the party . 4).带双宾语（即直接宾语和间接宾语）的主动语态变为被动语态时，可将其中的一个宾语变为被动句的主语，另一个不变。一般把间接宾语变为被动语态的主语显得自然些，把直接宾语留作被动句的宾语。如果把直接宾语变为被动句的主语，则要在间接宾语前加介词（一般是for