非谓词动词序列.pptVIP

非谓语动词系列复习;过去分词做定语和表语 一、过去分词做定语 1.过去分词作定语时的意义： 不及物动词的过去分词做定语，只表示动作已完成，不表示被动的意义；及物动词的过去分词做定语表示被动意义或完成的被动动作;(1)只表示完成不表示被动 fallen leaves the risen sun a retired teacher (2)表示被动 an honored guest a guided trip (3)表示被动或完成 the broken glass the question discussed yesterday a divided country ;2.过去分词做定语时的位置： (1)前置定语：单个的过去分词做定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之前。 The broken vase has been thrown outside. The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital. (2)后置定语：过去分词短语做定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句 ;The suggestion (which had been) sent to the committee was adopted. This will be the best novel of its kind ever written(=that has ever been written). ①有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独做定语也放在所修饰的名词之后，如：left, given, concered(有关的) There is little time left. Let’s hurry up. ②过去分词修饰代词时，应置于被修饰词之后 He is one of those invited.;③有些过去分词作定语，前置或后置意义不同 This is a used car.(旧车) The method used is very efficient.(所用的) ④过去分词可作非限定性定语，用来补充说明被修饰词的情况，前面常用逗号与被修饰的成分隔开。 A girl, dressed like a student, came in and sat beside me. ;3.现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别： (1)过去分词与修饰的名词之间存在动宾关系，表示一个已经完成的动作。现在分词与所修饰的名词之间存在主谓关系，它表示一个正在进行的动作。 This is a letter written in black ink. There are so many people showing interest in surfing the Internet. ;(2)过去分词作定语表示被修饰的人或相关的人的自身感受，现在分词作定语表示被修饰的人或物对别人造成的感受。 Have you noticed the surprised expression on his face? What came to us was surprising news. ;二、过去分词作表语 1.过去分词可放在系动词be, get, feel, remain, seem, look, become等之后作表语，表示主语所处的态。 He seemed quite delighted at the news. The door remained locked. 2.过去??词作表语多表示人自身的感受、感觉或事 物自身的状态；现在分词作表语则多表示事物具体 的特性，常译作“令人......的” He became discouraged. The situation proves encouraging.;英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物； 其过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等。 exciting / excited; delighting / delighted encouraging / encouraged interesting / interested pleasing / pleased ; puzzling / puzzled tiring / tired ; satisfying / satisfied;astonishing / astonished disappointing / disappointed frightening / frightened moving / moved shocking / shocked worrying / worried discour