句子翻译——物称和人称课件.ppt

句子翻译——物称与人称;英语较常用物称表达法，即不用人称来叙述，而让事物以客观的口气呈现出来。 ;汉语重人称，英语重物称，这一特点主要表现在如何使用主语和动词这两方面。 ;被动与主动;常用被动语态的文体;英汉被动句式结构的差异;;不需要或不可能说出施事者的时候，汉语可以采用无主句或主语省略句来保持句子的主动形式。英语注重句子结构齐整，句中不能没有主语，只好采用被动式或其他句式，以便于把施事者省略或隐含起来。 ;语态转换的具体方法;英语中被动语态的各种用法 ;汉语被动句的英译问题 ;带有被动标记的汉语被动句;汉语被动句式;“……的是”式，一般可以与“是（由）……的”式互相转换，如： 推荐我的是一位教授。I was recommended by a professor. 接见他的是一位秘书。He was received by a secretary.;;不带被动标记的汉语被动句;这座桥将在今年年底建成。 The construction of the bridge will be completed by the end of this year. (under examination/ consideration/ construction) 知识分子问题就是在这样的基础上提出来的。 On such a basis has the question of the intellectuals been raised. 有些问题还需要澄清。 Certain questions have yet to be clarified. (Certain questions need clarifying.) 这个问题正在研究。 The problem is now being studied. (or: The problem is now under consideration.) 运费包括在价格里。 The shipping charges are included in the price. ;汉语主动句的英译问题;二、为了加强上下文的连贯性;三、为了使措辞得当，语气委婉;汉语的一些习惯用语的译法 ;语态与译文的流畅性;exercise 1;;Exercise 2;The arms race must be stopped. Our college is composed of 4 departments which are subdivided into 20 classes. I’m sorry to say the visit to the museum has to be put off till tomorrow because of the heavy rain. The boy who had been seriously injured was immediately admitted into the hospital. The backwardness must be perceived before it can be changed.