PLANT BREEDING 03课件.ppt

CHAPTER 3 MODES OF REPRODUCTION AND PLANT BREEDING 植物繁殖方式与育种;Chapter 3 Modes of Reproduction and Plant  Breeding 植物的繁殖方式与育种;Process of reproduction In Plants (Double fertilization);Asexual Reproduction (1) Vegetative Reproduction 营养繁殖 Root, stem, leaves, tuber,…… (2) Apomixis 无融合生殖 Haploid gametophyte apomixis （单倍配子体） Diploid gametophyte apomixis （二倍体配子） Adventitious embryo （不定胚） ;3. Determination of Mode of Reproduction 品植物授粉方式的确定 1) Study the floral structure 研究花器结构 2) Artificial selfing 人工自交 3) Genetic testing of rate of out-crossing 异交率测定 Rate = （F1显性性状植株数/F1总植株数）× 100% 4）Division of reproduction modes based on the rate of out-crossing 不同繁殖方式的异交率;Modes of Pollination: Percentage of out-crossing (1) Self-pollinated plants 1-4% (2) Cross-pollinated plants 51% (3) Often cross-pollinated plants 5-50%;Reproduction Modes in Major Crops Self-pollinated crops (rice, wheat, soybean, pea) Cross-pollinated crops (cotton, rape, sorghum) Often cross-pollinated crops (maize, herm, sunflower) Vegetatively Propagated Crops (sweet potato, potato, sugarcane, garlic);炙沛琼梆顾恬财搏挖蛛巩肢腺狭厩淑碑讳盂侣逮皖譬靖钡心厩令蒙贮稗妙PLANT BREEDING 03课件PLANT BREEDING 03课件;Self-pollinated plants (Rice) Special genetic characteristics Genetically pure line or mixture of pure lines Little inbreeding depression Breeding Methods Selection breeding Hybridization Heterosis Easy seed production ;Cross-pollinated plants (maize, Rye, Herm) Special genetic characteristics Heterogeneous population Heterozygous plants Big Inbreeding depression Breeding Methods Heterosis (Inbred-line hybrids) Seed Multiplication Isolated ;Often Cross pollinated plants (Brassica napus) Special genetic characteristics: Basically as pure lines Breeding Methods: As in selfing Crops ;;;;; (3) Breeding for Population cul