物探新方法新技术--本科课程第八章.doc

8 谱分解技术 Recently, much attention has been given to spectral decomposition (光谱分解)in exploration geophysics. The technique has been used for both bed thickness estimations and direct hydrocarbon碳氢化合物 indications. However, the spectral decomposition is not really a new invention of geophysicists, and its root is closely related to the so-called time-frequency representation 表现of stationary稳定的 and non-stationary time series that has been used in signal and imaging processing for over 50 years, though geophysicists have played a central role in its development [in fact, Jean Morlet, a geophysicist, is one of the two “inventors” of the continuous wavelet transform. The term “spectral decomposition” was coined by geophysicist Greg Partyka of BP in 1999]. The increase use of the spectral decomposition methods in exploration seismic in the last five years can be largely attributed to the pioneering work of Partyka (1999) and Castagna et al (2003). Because of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, which prevents us from achieving simultaneous 同时的localization in time and frequency, looking into the literature, we may find many techniques that can be used for the same purpose. In this study, we review six most commonly used time-frequency representation and spectral-decomposition techniques and compare them against a series of seismic signals. We aim to establish some practical guidelines about the choice of the methods. It is not surprised to find that all methods are correct, and there is no technique which can be claimed to be superior to others at all time and for all signals, though one technique may give better results (meaning better temporal暂时的 AND frequency resolution) than others for certain kinds of signal or under certain conditions – hence因此 everyone has his/her own preferred methods. 8.1 INTRODUCTION There is a growing interest in exploration geophysics in the application of spectral decomposition methods for bed thickness determination (Partyka 1999); stratigraphi