基于格林函数的纳米器件模型分析.doc

基于格林函数的纳米器件模型分析 The Green’s function 定义 A Greens function, G(x,?s), of a linear differential operator L?=?L(x) acting on distributions over a subset of the Euclidean space Rn, at a point s, is any solution of ? ? ? ? (1) where is the Dirac delta function. This property of a Greens function can be exploited to solve differential equations of the form ? ? ? ? (2) As a side note, the Greens function as used in physics is usually defined with the opposite sign; that is, （3） If the operator is translation invariant, that is when L has constant coefficients with respect to x, then the Greens function can be taken to be a convolution operator, that is, （4） In this case, the Greens function is the same as the impulse response of linear time-invariant system theory. 推算 Loosely speaking, if such a function G can be found for the operator L, then if we multiply the equation (1) for the Greens function by f(s), and then perform an integration in the s variable, we obtain; （5） The right hand side is now given by the equation (2) to be equal to L u(x), thus: （6） Because the operator L?=?L(x) is linear and acts on the variable?x alone (not on the variable of integration?s), we can take the operator L outside of the integration on the right hand side, obtaining; （7） And this suggests; 格林函数在纳米器件中作用 （8） （9） 对比方程（1），可知： 带入方程（9），可知： 其中， 这就是格林函数表示电荷密度和密度矩阵， 其中[A(E)]是谱函数（spectral function）,谱函数A的物理意义： Indeed the diagonal elements of [A（E）]/2*pi in the real space representation give us the local density of states at different points in space (a quantity that can be measured with scanning probe microscopy) 自能矩阵（self-energy）The concept of self-energy is used in many-body physics to describe electron–electron and electron–phonon interactions. In the present context, however, we are using this