鉴别物质（Identification of material）.docVIP

鉴别物质（Identification of material） Method for the chemical identification of twenty substances Source: reading times: 58 release time: 2010-5-14 10:50:16 Identification is the identification of the known species, the purpose of which is to distinguish several substances. In general, there is no need to identify the substances one by one, which is different from identification. Identification is the identification of the composition of substances by experimental methods, and then the determination of what substances are or what substances contain. 20 methods of identifying substances are discussed. 1. precipitation method In the solution of the identified substance, a reagent is added to see if precipitation is present and to identify. Example: how to identify Na2SO4 solution and NaNO3 solution?. Identification using BaCl2 solution. Ionic equation of reaction: Ba2++SO42-=BaSO4: 2. gas process Identification of whether or not a gas has been produced by the addition of a reagent to a substance. Example: there are two bottles of missing labels. They are Na2CO3 and NaCl. How do you identify them?. Use hydrochloric acid to distinguish. Reaction ion equation: CO32-+2H+=CO2 = +H2O 3. excess method By adding some reagent, precipitation is produced, continuous dropping, precipitation and disappearance are achieved, and the purpose of identification is achieved. Example: how can I identify ZnCl2 solution and MgCl2 solution?. Solution: two to identify the solution respectively into two test tubes, adding NaOH solution, can be observed to have a white precipitate, adding to the NaOH solution, you can see a test tube in the white precipitate gradually disappeared, another tube without this phenomenon. The first white precipitate, which gradually disappears, is placed in the ZnCl2 solution and the other tube is MgCl2 solution. Ionic equation of reaction: Mg2++2OH-=Mg (OH): 2 Zn2++2OH-=Zn (OH): 2 Zn (OH) 2+2OH-=ZnO22-+2H2O 4. reciprocal method The use of reactions between substances,