生物选修3知识（3 elective biological knowledge）.doc

生物选修3知识（3 elective biological knowledge） The 1 topic of gene engineering The concept of genetic engineering Gene engineering is in accordance with the wishes of the people, strict design, by in vitro recombinant DNA and transgenic technology, given to biological genetic characteristics of new, more in line with the needs of the people to create new biological types and biological products. Genetic engineering is the design and construction of the DNA at the molecular level, also known as recombinant DNA technology. (a) the basic tools of genetic engineering 1. molecular scalpel - restriction endonuclease (restriction enzyme) (1) source: mainly purification from prokaryotes. (2) function: to identify double stranded DNA molecules of a specific nucleotide sequence, and between the two nucleotide specific parts of each chain of two phosphate ester bond breaking, so it has specificity. Results: (3) DNA by restriction enzyme cleavage fragment ends produced usually has two forms: sticky ends at the end of peace. 2. molecular suture needle - DNA ligase (1) two DNA ligase (E? ColiDNA ligase and T4-DNA ligase) comparison: The same point: two phosphoric acid ester bond suture. The difference: E? ColiDNA ligase from bacteriophage T4, can only be connected between the sticky ends of double stranded DNA fragments of two complementary phosphate ester bonds; and two kinds of T4DNA ligase to suture the end, but the efficiency of connection between the end of the lower level. (2) the similarities and differences with DNA polymerase function:?????????????????????? DNA polymerase will only end nucleotide fragments of single nucleotide to the formation of phosphate ester bond, two. The DNA is connected to the end of the two DNA ligase fragment, the formation of two phosphoric acid ester. 3. molecular transport car carrier (1) carrier conditions: 1 receptor can replicate in cells and preserve the stability. Have one or more restriction sites, for the insertion of exogenous DNA fragments