第十一章 电化学基础（The eleventh chapter based on Electrochemistry）.docVIP

第十一章 电化学基础（The eleventh chapter based on Electrochemistry） Documents from the network, I collected, finishing, and if there are omissions, errors, but also please correct me! The eleventh chapter is electrochemical basis 1, what are the similarities and differences between the redox equilibrium and the balance of the previous studies? Answer: the basic feature of redox reaction is the change of the oxidation state value of the elements before and after the reaction Chemical equilibria include redox equilibrium, acid-base neutralization, sedimentation, dissolution, equilibrium, ionization, and balance The same point between the redox equilibrium and other equilibria is related to the pressure, temperature and concentration. There are corresponding equilibrium constants, which are consistent with the conservation of the material, the conservation of charge, and the conservation of energy Differences: some are homogeneous equilibria, others are heterogeneous equilibria 2. What is the oxidation state? What are the rules for determining the oxidation state? What are the differences between the oxidation states and valence? Answer: the oxidation state is the scale of the degree of oxidation reduction of an element. It is the value of a specified charge of a person There are several rules for determining the oxidation state: (1) the oxidation state of simple substance is 0; (2) the algebraic sum of the oxidation states of all elements and the number of charges equal to 0 in polyatomic molecules; equal to ions in polyatomic ions; (3) the oxidation number of H in the compound is generally +1, but in the hydride of living metal (such as NaH and CaH2), the oxidation state of H is -1 (4) the oxidation number of O in the compound is generally -2, -1 in peroxide, -1/2 in superoxide, and oxidation number +2 in OF2 The similarities and differences between the oxidation states and valence: (1) the oxidation state can be a fraction (such as: KO2 O in the oxidation state of -1/2), but