Measurement of Radar Cross雷达散射测量.pdf

Application Note Measurement of Radar Cross Section Using the “VNA Master” Handheld VNA By Martin I. Grace Radar cross section RCS is the measure of an objects ability to reflect radar signal in the direction of the radar receiver i.e. it is the measure of the ratio of backscatter per steradian (unit solid angle) in the direction of the radar (from the target) to the power density that is intercepted by the target. This application note describes how a modern battery-powered / portable Microwave Vector Network Analyzer with Time Domain Gating can make it easy to do RCS tests on the flight line or in the field. The RCS of a target can be visualized as a comparison of the power of the reflected signal from a target to the reflected signal from a perfectly conducting smooth sphere of RCS area of 1 m2 as shown in figure (1). Radar Target Sphere Radar Figure 1. Concept of Radar Cross Section. The RCS of a sphere is independent of frequency provided that the wavelength l is much less than the range R 15 l to the sphere and the effective sphere radius r 15 l. s 1 Radar Range Equation The radar system as described in figure (2) transmits a pulse of energy through the transmit antenna of gain G . t The amplitude of the signal at the output of the transmit antenna is reduced by the free space propagation loss. At the target some of the power (backscatter) is reflected back towards the radar. The ratio of the backscatter power to the incident power is the R