材料力学（Mechanics of materials）.doc

材料力学（Mechanics of materials） Key points and formulas of material mechanics Material mechanics tasks (1) strength requirements; (2) stiffness requirements; (3) stability requirements. The basic assumption of deformed solids (1) continuity hypothesis; (2) homogeneity assumption; (3) isotropic assumption; (4) small deformation assumption. Classification of external forces: surface force, volume force, static load and dynamic load. Internal force: the change of internal interaction force under the action of external force, that is, the additional interaction force caused by the external force between the parts of the component Section: (1) a member internal force on the section of the desire, along the section of the component is cut into two parts, discard any part, another part of the retention (2) plus the internal force in the cross section retaining part, instead of discarding the retained part of the part of. (3) according to the equilibrium condition, the equilibrium equations are worked out to solve the internal and external forces of the cross section. Stress: normal stress and shearing stress. Strain and strain: linear strain and shear strain. The basic form of member deformation (1) stretching or compression; (2) shearing; (3) twisting; (4) bending; (5) combined deformation. Static load: a load that starts slowly from zero to a final value and then no longer varies. Dynamic load: the load and speed change rapidly with time, and the load is dynamic load. Failure reason: brittle material is destroyed at its strength limit and plastic material fails at its yield limit. The two are collectively referred to as the ultimate stress ideal case. The allowable stresses for plastic materials and brittle materials are as follows: strength conditions: equal section bars Deformation in axial tension or compression: the elongation of the member in the axial direction is: the strain along the axis and the stress on the cross section, respectively:,. The transverse strain is