中国城市贫困问题国际研究新进展.docx

中国城市贫困问题的国际研究新进展Progress in China’s Urban Poverty Studies何深静刘玉亭国际城市规划2008 Vo1.23. No.4摘要:近来，诸多海外学者对中国的城市贫困问题日益关注。基于一系列全国范圈内的大型城市家庭户调查数据，学者们时城市贫困的发生率、分布和区城差异进行了详尽研究。研究表明，社会底层的人口很少从市场经济改革中获益。反之，福利制度的改革和社会服务的商品化使得这些人口承受更高的经济压力，因而更容易陷入贫困危机。目前，下岗失业人员和进城农民工已成为中国城市断贫困的两个主要群体。同时，中国城市出现了三种类型的贫困邻里:老城区衰败邻里、衰落的单位大院、城中村。一些国外学者基于小型的社会调查和个案研究分别时这些贫困群体和贫困邻里进行7具体研究，时深入了解和探讨中国城市贫困的现状、成因、后果及时策作出了重要贡肤。本文将对这些研究按照不同的主题进行评述，具体包括家庭户调查和贫困研究、下岗失业人员贫困研究、农民工贫困研究、贫困人口住房研究、制度变迁与贫困成因探讨等。最后，本文对这些研究进行总结。并探讨其未来的主要研究方向。Abstract: Recently, the rising problem of Chinas poverty attracts much researchinterests. Based on a series of large-scale urban household survey data, researchers arenow able to provide better understanding of the incidence and distribution pattern ofurban poverty, and regional income inequalities. Research findings show that thedividends of rapid economic growth rarely filter down to the bottom group of thesociety. Quite the contrary, the retreat of the state from social welfare and thecommodification of social services impose further economic burdens on the lessadvantaged, and make them more vulnerable to urban poverty. By now, laid-offworkers and rural migrant workers have become two major poverty groups in Chinesecities. Three types of poverty neighbourhood are emerging: old and dilapidated innercity neighbourhood, declining workers village and urban village. Some overseasscholars have conducted studies on these poverty groups and poverty neighbourhoodsbased on urban household survey data and individual case studies, which contributeto our understanding of the status quo, the causation, socio-spatial consequences andcountermeasures of Chinas urban poverty. This paper reviews these studies focusingon different themes: household survey and poverty study, studies on the laid-off andthe unemployed, studies on rural migrant workers, housing the poor, institutionalchange and the emergence of urban poverty. The concluding part of the papersynthesises and discusses the directions for furt