句子成分定语从句名词性从句状语从句详解概要.doc

句子成分 一． 动词基本分类： 1.实义动词包括及物（vt）和不及物 (vi) vt 直接带宾语 He likes English. Vi 不需带宾语 Did he come yesterday? 若要带宾语中间需加介词 He arrived at the airport . 2. 连系动词 如：be/ look/sound/keep/taste/smell/taste/seem/become/turn/remain (依然)… 3. 助动词：本身无意义，要与实义动词组成谓语。如：do/does/will/would/have/has He has gone to Beijing. He will leave for Beijing. 4情态动词： can/could/ may/might… 二． 副词一般修饰动词/形容词/副词 基本分类：1 时间副词 now/ago/once/already… 2 地点副词 here/downstairs/back /outside/ off… 3 方式副词 carefully/fast/suddenly… 4 程度副词 almost/very/so/much/deeply… 5 频度副词 always/ usually/sometimes… 三． 句子成分：构成句子的各个部分。 A． 主语- 可由以下表示： 1． 名词： American music has become more and more popular. 2． 代词：Who is the man standing over there? 3． 数词：One-third of the students are girls. 4． 不定式：To swim in the river is a great pleasure.= It is a great pleasure to swim in the river (It 是形式主语) 5． 动名词：Smoking does harm to the health. 6． 从句： When we are going to have the test is clear. B. 谓语在句中一般由动词充当 1.He practices running every morning. 2.He has caught a cold. 3.We may keep the book for two weeks. C. 表语一般位于系动词之后可由以下表示： 1． 代词：Is it yours/ It is mine. 2． 形容词：The weather has turned cold. 3． 分词：The teacher is pleased with my work. 4． 不定式： His job is to teach English. 5． 动名词：His hobby is playing football. D. 宾语一般位于Vt 或 介词之后可由以下表示： 1． 名词： He is going to buy a dictionary. 2． 代词：We should learn from him. 3． 不定式： He decided not to see me. 4． 动名词：He practices running every morning. 分类：分为直接宾语（动作的承受者，通常指物）和间接宾语（动作所向的人或物，通常指人） He sent me a present.=He sent a present to me. (me 间宾/ a present 直宾) He bought her a map= He bought a map for her. 有些Vt 如：make/have/get/let/find/call/see/notice/hear/watch除了跟有一个宾语外，还要有一个宾语补足语来说明宾语的状态才能使句子完整。 E. 宾语补足语可由以下表示： 1． 名词：His father named him Dongming. 2． 形容词：They painted their house white. 3． 不定式：You mustn’t get him to lend your money./ We notice him enter the office. 4. 分词： I heard her singing this song. I had/got my bicycle repaird. 5. 介词： When