生理学 绪论（Introduction to physiology）.docVIP

生理学 绪论（Introduction to physiology） Physiology (Physiology): a branch of biological science that studies the normal functioning of organisms and their components. Organism (organism): also known as organism, referred to as the organism, is a general term for living things in nature, including all animals, plants, microorganisms. In 1628, British physician Harveys heart and blood movement, the first physiological work based on experimental evidence. The circulation of blood: the heart is the center of the circulatory system, the blood from the heart into the artery, and then from the vein back into the heart and continue to cycle. In 1902, British physiologist Bayliss and Starling in the study of pancreatic secretion regulation mechanism, found the first hormone, secretin In 1921, the Canadian young physiologist and doctor Banting and his student best found insulin In 1982, Australian physician Marshall and pathologist Warren confirmed an important cause of peptic ulcers - Helicobacter pylori infection Animal experiment: 1 、 acute animal experiment: In vitro experiment (Experiment in vitro): remove some components required for organs, tissues and cells or cells from animal alive or just killed in a body, can maintain the normal function of the artificial environment, observe the effects of some factors on the function of human intervention activities. In vivo experiments (experiment, in, vivo): it is under the condition of animal anaesthesia that the operation exposes certain parts of the study and observes and records the changes of some physiological functions under the condition of human intervention. 2 、 chronic animal experiment: complete, sober animals as the object of study, and keep the environment as close as possible to nature in order to observe and record some physiological function change for a long time. Human experimentation: subject to ethical limitations, mainly conducting demographic data surveys. The level of physiological research: levels of organ