全站仪导线测量平差方法在水准法测量中应用.docVIP

全站仪导线测量平差方法在水准法测量中应用摘要：随着光电测距技术的发展 ,全站仪精度的提高 ,全站仪越来越多的应用于水准测量。通过推导全站仪水准法三角高程测量公式 ,对其精度进行了分析 ,论证了用全站仪水准法三角高程测量代替三四等水准测量的理论依据 ,并采用全站仪任一置站的方法 ,测量时不必量取仪器高、棱镜高 ,既减少了三角高程的误差又加快了施测速度。结合导线测量实例，提出了便于实际应用的近似坐标间接平差方法。并给出了实际操作的公式与经纬，导线测量相比，避免了方位角的推算和改正，以及坐标增量的计算和改正，工作效率高，而且不易出错，同时可以，出传统附和导线测量需要两条已知边。作为方位角的检核条件，而全站仪导线间接平差 关键词：全站仪，经纬仪，方位角，导线测量，分析，应用 Abstract: with the development of the photoelectric ranging technology, tachometer accuracy, tachometer more and more used in the standard measurement. Through the derivation method by using standard triangle leveling formula, of the accuracy are analyzed, in this paper by using standard method triangulated height surveying instead of three four level measurement of the theoretical basis, and by using the method of any place station, measurement instrument is high, don’t take prism high, not only reduce the triangular elevation error also accelerate the speed was measured. Combined with the example of measurement wires, and puts forward the practical application of approximate to coordinate indirect adjustment methods. And give the actual operation of the formula and its frame, compared to traverse survey, to avoid the azimuth of calculated and correct, and coordinates the calculation and correct incremental, high efficiency, and not easy to make mistakes, and at the same time, the traditional echo traverse survey need two known edge. As the azimuth review conditions, and by using the indirect adjustment with wire Keywords: tachometer, theodolite, azimuth, traverse survey, the analysis, the application 中图分类号：TU74文献标识码：A 文章编号： 引言：近几年随着光电测距技术的发展 ,以及各种高精度全站仪的普遍应用 ,经过实践 ,全站仪水准法在工程施工中被广泛的采用 。所谓全站仪水准法就是在待测两点 (保持棱镜高度一致 )中间安置全站仪。此方法既有传统三角高程测量的优点 ,同时在施测的过程中又不需要量测仪器高和棱镜高从而减少了高差测量的误差来源 ,使这种三角高程的精度得到了提高。本文通过推导全站仪水准法三角高程测量原理 ,分析了其测量精度 ,得出全站仪水准法高程测量可代替三四等水准测量的结论。本文讲述全站仪导线与传统水准导线对比，在成果处理时可以应用这些近似坐标按坐标平差、即间接平差、法进行平差，得到各个导线点的最终坐标 这将优于过去经纬仪导线测量方法。可以减轻测量人员的内 外业工作强度,提高工作效率。 全站仪水准法三角高程测量精度影响与消除和减小方法 1天顶距和水平距离观测误差对观测高差的影响（要想提高观测精度 必