计算机导论（Introduction to Computer Science）.doc

计算机导论（Introduction to Computer Science） +1 computer language) With the successful development of a general-purpose computer in 1940s the first stored program, enter after 1950s, the development of the computer has entered the practical stage. However, in the initial application, people generally feel not only inefficient use of machine instruction program, but also very uncomfortable, is not conducive to communication and software maintenance, complex program for errors is especially difficult, therefore, need a senior software development similar to the natural language as the programming language. In 1952, the first programming language Short Code. Two years later, the advent of Fortran. As a high-level programming language oriented computing science, the biggest merit of Fortran is firmly set up the advanced language status, and make it a universal programming language. The birth of Algol60 is the study of computer language has become a symbol of a science. The text of the language presents a set of new concepts, such as the type and scope of rules, process variables and recursive parameter passing mechanism etc.. Moreover, it is the first with the strict rules of grammar -- Backus paradigm (BNF) senior language definition language grammar. Programming language research and development after produced a number of successful senior language, its further development is started to influence the design, methods and techniques, also began to have many aspects of program theory, software engineering, artificial intelligence, especially the practical aspects of the influence. In the software crisis argument is calm at the same time, some design criteria was accepted by most people, reflected a variety of advanced language and in the follow-up of. For example, to support the structure of the program design of PASCAL language, suitable for all aspects of military application of general program design language ADA, concurrent programming MODULA-2, support logic programming