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Materials Letters 58 (2004) 1912– 1916 /locate/matlet Effect of K/Na on microstructure of high-speed steel used for rolls Yichuan Pan *, Hua Yang, Xiangfa Liu, Xiufang Bian The Key Laboratory of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, 73 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250061, China Received 29 September 2003; accepted 3 December 2003 Abstract In the present work, the effect of K/Na on microstructure of high-speed steel (HSS) used for rolls was investigated utilizing Hi-scope video microscope (HSVM) and electron probe microanalyser (EPMA). As-cast microstructure of the alloy is mainly composed of pearlite matrix, M C , M C and MC eutectic carbides. The carbides are connected or placed next to each other to form a network along grain 7 3 2 boundaries. After K/Na modification, the morphology, size and distribution of carbides change greatly. The carbide network tends to break, and all carbides are refined and distributed homogeneously in the matrix. The mechanism of K/Na modification on microstructure of the alloy is also discussed. D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: K/Na; High-speed steel; Modify; Microstructure; Carbides; Grain boundaries 1. Introduction gray cast iron, ductile cast iron, high manganese steel, etc. [13–16]. They are regarded as such important elements as High-speed steel (HSS), widely used for tools, is char- rare-earth elements, which