hla 分型法（hla 分型法）.docVIP

hla 分型法（hla 分型法） HLA typing technique Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is the most complex and highly polymorphic gene group in vertebrates. In 1984, George Snell first discovered mouse MHC, that is, H - 21958 years, and Dausset discovered the human MHC, or HLA gene. The expression products of MHC are called major histocompatibility antigens, and MHC antigen is a surface cell membrane protein of nuclear cells, which plays a key role in the regulation of primary signaling and immune signaling. The HLA gene, located on the short arm of chromosome 6, is about 4000Kb long. HLA is the most complex genetic polymorphism system known to the human body. There are dozens of gene loci, and each gene locus has dozens of alleles, and it is a dominant expression. Because the MHC gene is located on the same chromosome, gene combination the gene locus is relatively stable, rarely exchanged between homologous chromosomes, which constitute the unit type (HAPLOTYPE, which is on the same chromosome closely linked to a series of special groups of alleles and genetic features). According to the Chinese common A locus gene has 13, B locus gene has 30 calculations, can be composed of unit type about 13 * 30 = 390 kinds. It is theoretically estimated that 43 thousand types of HLA - AB blood group will be formed when parents give each other a bunch of unit type to their children. In fact, the HLA gene is not completely random silly topics stop hammers colonization Juan shallow yellow glue, inkage anchovy disequilibrium LD) features. The number of HLA subtypes inferred by theory is large, but not for a specific nation. HLA polymorphism and unit type of each ethnic group in the world have their own characteristics. In general, the polymorphism of Han, white and black Americans in northern China is more abundant than in southern China, Han and japanese. Even in China, there are differences between regions. In China in Chinese Han population, A3, B13, A1 antigen, B44 and B51 frequency in t