放射化学第4讲(放射性衰变).pptVIP

* C.L.Liu Specific activity method To determine the half-life, we need only measure the absolute activity(绝对活度) of the sample and its mass. * C.L.Liu Specific activity method 4p counters * C.L.Liu Medium Half-lives Simple decay curve method The Simple decay curve method gives best results if a pure radionuclide source is used. Chemical separation; Count only the desired activity; Use absorbers; * C.L.Liu Mixture of two radionuclides The activity of mixture measured and plotted, as done in single radionuclide; Resolved into two components; * C.L.Liu The end of Chapter 4 * C.L.Liu * C.L.Liu Atomic bomb * C.L.Liu 简单推导 * C.L.Liu t1/2(1) t1/2(2) (Secular Radioactive Equilibrium) t1/2(1) t1/2(2) (Transient Radioactive Equilibrium) t1/2(1) t1/2(2) (non-equilibrium) * C.L.Liu Secular Radioactive Equilibrium(长期平衡） A1?A2 t1/2(1) t 1/2(2) * C.L.Liu The half-life of the parent is at least 10 times greater than that of the daughter and there is essentially no change in the activity of the parent during the experimental observation. For decay times that are long with respect to the half-life of the daughter; 5 times the half life In addition, the decay constant of the long-lived parent will be very small compared to that of the daughter. Secular Radioactive Equilibrium * C.L.Liu Secular Radioactive Equilibrium * C.L.Liu Practical Applications of S.R.E. * C.L.Liu Practical Applications of S.R.E. Determination of the long half-life of a mother nuclide by measuring the mass ratio of daughter and mother nuclide; Calculation of mass ratios of radionuclides that are in SRE; Calculation of the mass of a mother nuclide from the measured activity of a daughter nuclide. The radioactive daughter source. * C.L.Liu Transient Equilibrium The half-life of the parent is approximately 3-10 times longer than that of the daughter, but is short enough so there is a measurable decay of the parent during the experiment. After 3-5 half-lives of the daughter nuclide, the term e-l2t