语法之一-三种从句.docVIP

1 三种从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1）who, whom, that　 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：　 Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）　 He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：　 They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.　 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。　 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.　请递给我那本绿皮的书。3）which, that　　它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：　　A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）　　The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语） 各种关系代词的使用方法a) 关系代词who的用法i. who 的前行词必须是人，在从句中可以担任主语，往往也可以代替在从句中担任宾语的whom,但是它前边不能有介词，如果带了介词就必须用宾格的whom:（介词+whom）This is the teacher who teaches us mathematics.She is the girl who (whom) I met at the party.　（可以替代）She is the girl whom (who) I went there with.可以替代）She is the girl with whom I went there.（不可替代） ii. who，that在很多情况下可以通用，但是有些情况只能用who:1. 先行词是one, ones, anyone的时候宜用who.One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.The ones who flatter me don’t please me.Don’t tell anyone about the news who oughtn’t to know it.Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized.2. 先行词为those的时候，宜用who为关系代词Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothesmade of the magic cloth.Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.3. 当先行词有比较长的后置定语的时候I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could asked me questions inChinese.4. 一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词为that,另一个则用who.The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.5. 在there be 开头的句子中There is an old man who wants to see you.There are many young men who are against him. b) 关系代词whose 的用法 whose 是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。当代物的时候，它相当于of which.I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.I’ll call a pe