取代脲类除草剂的微生物降解-微生物所期刊联合编辑部.PDF

微生物学通报 Aug. 20, 2017, 44(8): 1967−1979 Microbiology China /wswxtbcn tongbao@ DOI: 10.13344/j.microbiol.china.160804 专论与综述 取代脲类除草剂的微生物降解 1 1 3* 2 2 2 谷涛 李永丰 张迹 闫新 蒋建东 李顺鹏 (1. 210014) (2. 210095) (3. 223300) 摘 要：取代脲类除草剂主要用来防除一年生禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草，自20 世纪中期推入市场 以来，在世界范围内被广泛使用，已成为重要的除草剂之一。随着取代脲类除草剂的持续施用， 其在环境中的残留严重超标，危害日益凸显。因此，取代脲类除草剂在环境中的吸附、迁移和降 解等行为备受关注。研究表明细菌降解 N,N-二甲基取代脲类除草剂主要是通过连续脱甲基作用 后断脲桥降解，而降解N- 甲氧基-N- 甲基取代脲类除草剂是通过脲桥的直接断裂。真菌降解取代 脲类除草剂的途径则较为复杂，尚需进一步阐明。本文综述了近年来分离筛选的取代脲类除草剂 降解菌株及其降解途径的最新研究进展，为取代脲类除草剂污染环境的生物修复研究提供参考。 关键词：取代脲类除草剂，降解微生物，降解途径，生物修复 Advances in microbial degradation of phenylurea herbicides GU Tao1 LI Yong-Feng1 ZHANG Ji3* YAN Xin2 JIANG Jian-Dong2 LI Shun-Peng2 (1. Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China) (2. Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China) (3. Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an, Jiangsu 223300, China) Abstract: Phenylurea herbicides, first marketed in the mid-20th century, have become one of the most important classes of herbicides and have been widely used for controlling both annual grasses and broad-leaf weeds. With the continuous application of phenylurea herbicides, the residue of these