土木工程专业英语9 10.ppt

Lesson 12Bituminous Surface Courses The bituminous surface course has to provide resistance(抵抗) to the effects of repeated loading by tyres（轮胎） and to the effects of the environment. In addition, it must offer adequate skid resistance（抗滑能力） in wet weather as well as comfortable vehicle ride. It must also be resistant to rutting （车辙）and to cracking（裂缝）. It is also desirable that surface course is impermeable（不渗水的）, except in the case of porous asphalt(多空隙沥青面层). Hot rolled asphalt (HRA)（热压沥青混凝土） is a gap graded （间断级配）material with less coarse aggregate（粗集料）. In fact it is essentially a bitumen/fine aggregate（细集料）/filler（填料） mortar（胶浆） into which some coarse aggregate is placed. The mechanical properties are dominated by those of the mortar. This material has been extensively used as the wearing course on major road in the UK, though its use has recently declined as new materials have been introduced. It provides a durable（耐久的、耐用的） layer with good resistance to cracking and one which is relatively easy to compact（压实）. The coarse aggregate content is low (typically 30%) which results in the compacted mixture having a smooth surface. Accordingly（因此）, the skid resistance is inadequate and precoated（预浇） chippings （石屑）are rolled into the surface at the time of laying to correct this deficiency（不足）. In Scotland, HRA wearing course remains the preferred wearing course on trunk roads（干线道路） including motorway（高速公路、汽车专用公路） but， since 1999 thin surfacings have been the preferred option in England and Wales. Since 1999 in Northern Ireland, HRA wearing course and thin surfacings are the preferred permitted options. Porous asphalt (PA) is a uniformly graded（单一级配） material which is designed to provide large air voids（空隙率） so that water can drain to the verges （路肩、边缘）within the layer thickness. If the wearing course is to be effective, the basecourse（基层） below must be waterproof （防水的）and the PA must have the ability to retain its open textured （构