复合材料-翻译-认识(副本).pdfVIP

原文： Special Features of Composites Compared to widely used metallic materials, composites differ significantly in many characteristics. Some of these special features of composites are presented here.  Composites demonstrate high strength-to-weight ratios.  Composites exhibit higher dimensional stability, corrosi on resistance, and thermal cycling capability.  Composites provide numerous options for structural tailoring for known loading conditions.  Constituent materials in the composite strongly influence composite structure’s stiffness, strength, and durability.  Composites have practically no ductility. Most composites are brittle and have a nearly linear stress-strain law to failure.  Composites are non-isotropic and are inhomogeneous.  The mechanical properties of composites have a strong link to the manufactur ing processes. Therefore, one needs to pay special attention to the manufacturing processes, realize that there can be wide variability in the allowables data, and realize the need for a careful building-block test program to develop the design allowable d ata.  Composites are highly sensitive to notches. Stress concentration factors higher than ten are possible for some notches, and the stress gradients near the notches are very high.  In composites, large in-plane stress gradients develop near geometric and material discontinuities. In-plane stress gradients lead to out-of-plane or interlaminar stresses. Because composites have low through-the-thickness strength, delaminations can initiate and grow. Delaminations degrade the strength of the composite laminate and can lead to failure. Figure 1 shows some typical configurations susceptible to interlaminar stresses where delaminations initiate be