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SAGE-Hindawi Access to Research Journal of Thyroid Research Volume 2011, Article ID 856050, 8 pages doi:10.4061/2011/856050 Research Article Cell-Type-Dependent Thyroid Hormone Effects on Glioma Tumor Cell Lines Liappas Alexandros,1, 2 Mourouzis Iordanis,1 Zisakis Athanasios,1 Economou Konstantinos,1 Lea Robert-William,2 and Pantos Constantinos1 1 Department of Pharmacology, University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Avenue,11527 Goudi, Athens, Greece 2 School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancashire, UK Correspondence should be addressed to Pantos Constantinos, cpantos@med.uoa.gr Received 5 August 2011; Revised 24 September 2011; Accepted 24 September 2011 Academic Editor: Fausto Bogazzi Copyright © 2011 Liappas Alexandros et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Purpose. The present study investigated the potential effects of long-term T3 treatment on glioma tumor cell lines. Thyroid hor- mone action on cell growth, differentiation and survival during development may be of therapeutic relevance Methods and Results 1321N1 cell line, an astrocytoma grade II, and U87MG, a glioblastoma grade IV, were exposed for 2 and 4 days in medium de- prived of T3 and in medium containing 1 nM T3. T3 promoted re-differentiation in both cell lines. However, T3 increased cell proliferation in 1321N1 (2 days) which declined thereafter (4 days) while in U87MG resulted in suppression of cell proliferation. At the molecular level, a 2.9 fold increase in the expression of TRα1 receptor was observed in U87MG versus 1321N1,P0.05. TRβ 1 re- ceptor was unde