combination therapy for diabetic macular edema结合治疗糖尿病黄斑水肿.pdfVIP

Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Ophthalmology Volume 2012, Article ID 484612, 6 pages doi:10.1155/2012/484612 Review Article Combination Therapy for Diabetic Macular Edema Dinah Zur and Anat Loewenstein Department of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 64239 Tel Aviv, Israel Correspondence should be addressed to Anat Loewenstein, anatl@.il Received 1 August 2011; Accepted 25 December 2011 Academic Editor: Chi-Chao Chan Copyright © 2012 D. Zur and A. Loewenstein. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Diabetic macular edema is a main reason for visual loss in diabetic patients. Until recent years, macular laser photocoagulation was the only available therapy. The awareness that inflammation is an important factor in the pathogenetic process of DME gave reason for intravitreal treatment with corticosteroids. The introduction of anti-VEGF drugs brought a revolutionary change in the treatment of DME. This paper will review the important clinical trials with an emphasis on combination therapies. 1. Introduction years, i.e., 15-letter gain, was found in less than 3% of cases [7]. This apparently slight improvement may be caused by Diabetic maculopathy is the main reason for visual loss in the fact that 85% of patients had good entry vision (≥20/40). patients with diabetic retinopathy, besides proliferative dia- Still, 40% of those with entry VA ≥ 20/40 improved 1 or more betic retinopathy [ 1–3]. If left untreated,