2014年牛津译林版高中英语总复习(第1轮)同步课件 M9 Unit 2 Witnessing time.pptVIP

怎样写好议论文 1．议论文的概述 议论文是以议论为主，通过摆事实、讲道理的方法，对客观事物进行评述或议论，以阐明作者的观点和主张，说服别人，让人信服。 (1)议论文的3要素 议论文必须含有论点、论据和论证3个要素。 ①论点是作者对所议论的问题所持的看法或主张； ②论据是用来证明论点的事实和道理，即证明论点的材料； ③论证是用论据来证明论点的推理过程和方法。 论证的种类有立论和驳论两种。 立论是作者证明自己的论点正确； 驳论是作者证明别人的论点错误。 ①引子，即开头——引论。用以引出令人关注的问题。 ②正文，即主体——本论。是全文的主要部分，是对提出的问题进行分析、推理，运用材料对论点进行论证，使论点得到足够的支持。 ③结束语，即结尾——结论。对正文部分的内容作出概括，明确论点所要解决的问题。 (2)议论文的一般结构 议论文一般有引子、正文和结束语3个部分。 议论文的主要表达方式当然是议论，但有时也要运用说明、叙述、描写等手法。议论文中的说明常为议论的开展创造条件，或者是议论的补充；议论文中的记叙和描写是为论点提供根据的。因此，叙述是概括的，描写是简要的。 2. 写作模板 模板1：常用模式 第一段：引言，提出话题或综述现象。例如：As too much use of… caused…our government encourages us to… 第二段：议论主体，分析原因或评述现象。例如：These bags are…， Besides, they can… 第三段：得出结论，阐明观点或总结论证。例如：I believe that… This is one of the many steps we are to take… 模板2：论述原因 It is well-known that ______ (现状). What impressed us most is ______. It is true that______ (进一步说明某现状). Why does such circumstance occur? The main reason is ______ (原因一). Besides, ______ (原因二). Thirdly, since ______， it is natural that ______ (原因三)． As a result, ______ (描述结果). Of course it is not easy to deal with the problem, but is worth trying. We should do something such as ______ (举例)to improve the present situation, and maybe everything will be better in the future. 模板3：论述措施 Recently, more and more people are paying attention to the problem ______ (某现状). First, ______ (产生的问题一). Second, ______ (产生的问题二). Clearly something must be done to smooth away the problem. I believe that the following measures are effective. First, ______ (措施一). Second, ______ (措施二). Finally, ______ (措施三)． Obviously it takes time to solve such problem. However, if everyone takes an active part in it, ______ (可能出现的效果)． 模板4：论述利弊 Now many people prefer to ______ (现象). It seems impossible for people to ______ (反述). Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First of all, ______ (优点一). Whats more, ______ (优点二)． But every coin has two sides. It also brings harm to people if we ______ (现象). One of the important disadvantages is that ______ (缺点一). To make matters w