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Low Carbon Economy, 2010, 1, 8-17 7 doi:10.4236/lce.2010.11002 Published Online September 2010 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/lce) Behavioral and Technological Changes Regarding Lighting Consumptions: A MARKAL Case Study 1,2 3 4 2 2 Emmanuel Fragnière , Roman Kanala , Denis Lavigne , Francesco Moresino , Gustave Nguene 1University of Bath School of Management, Bath, UK; 2Haute Ecole de Gestion (HEG), Carouge, Switzerland; 3University of Ge- neva, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Carouge, Switzerland; 4Collège Militaire Royal de Saint-Jean, Succursale Forces, King- ston, Ontario, Canada. Email: gustave.nguene@a3.epfl.ch Received August 15th, 2010; revised September 10th, 2010; accepted September 15th, 2010. ABSTRACT The present study aims at assessing the joint impact of awareness campaigns and technology choice, on end-use energy consumption behaviour. Actions to achieve energy savings through the use of more energy efficient end-use technology are included. A new MARKAL framework, the Socio-MARKAL, was recently proposed by the authors. As opposed to the traditional MARKAL framework based on technical and economic considerations, the Socio-MARKAL concept inte- grates technological, economic and behavioural contributions to the environment. This study takes into consideration, technological improvements on the demand side by consumers as well as behavioural changes minimizing carbon di- oxide emissions and encouraging rational use of energy. The study presented in this paper, “Lighting Consumptions Habits in Geneva Households”, was conducted from September to December 2009. Based on the statistical analysis of this survey, we have determined coefficients to feed the database