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Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Nanotechnology Volume 2012, Article ID 954601, 9 pages doi:10.1155/2012/954601 Research Article Biomolecular Triconjugates Formed between Gold, Protamine, and Nucleic Acid: Comparative Characterization on the Nanoscale Robert K. DeLong,1 Lisa Cillessen,2 Chris Reynolds,3 Adam Wanekaya,3 Tiffany Severs,3 Kartik Ghosh,4 Michael Fisher,5 Stephanie Barber,6 John Black,7 Ashley Schaeffer,1 and Kristin J. Flores1 1 Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65897, USA 2 College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA 3 Department of Chemistry, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65897, USA 4 Department of Physics Astronomy and Materials Science, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65897, USA 5 School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA 6 George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA 7 School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburg, PA 15261, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Robert K. DeLong, robertdelong@ Received 15 June 2011; Accepted 11 August 2011 Academic Editor: Dongwoo Khang Copyright © 2012 Robert K. DeLong et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. DNA and RNA micro- and nanoparticles are increasingly being used for gene and siRNA drug delivery and a variety of other applications in bionanotechnology. On the nanoscale, these entities represent unique challenges from a physicochem